Sustainability in Global Business Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Sustainability in Global Business - Assignment Example In global context a business should strive efficiently in order to meet triple bottom line. Sustainability can be achieved by global business if sustainability principles are incorporated in business decision making, environmental friendly goods are supplied by firms, traditional competition is managed more efficiently and business is highly committed towards environmental principles. This study shall focus on major challenges that would be faced by firm in nearby future. It would even encompass a sustainable innovation strategy which will help in providing competitive advantage and value in 2050 business scenario. Globalization has provided immense opportunities to many large organizations. Growing interconnectedness resulted from globalization that was highly reflected on flow of technology, information, services, people, goods and capital across the globe. Certain aspects of globalization will be altered in the coming years but revolution of information technology shall remain unaltered. The mega trend is expected to shape substantiality of a firm. Around the world developing and developed countries would benefit from world economy gains (Andersen, 2006). Fastest growing consumer markets would initiate growth of world class multinationals. Western countries are focusing on international economic dynamism. Adaptability and accessibility of advanced technology would increase by 2050. Vision for 2050 is to develop such business environment that can lessen the impact on environment (Bennett, 2006). Figure1 represents the population growth by 2050. Macroeconomic scenario encompasses numerical GD P projections, sectorial activity, population and household income. There are 22 sectors within EU member states. These sectors comprise of 10 energy intensive industries, 3 service sectors, 6 non intensive energy firms and energy supply and agriculture sector. Figure1 states the projection of

Software engineers Essay Example for Free

Software engineers Essay There have also been improvements in the protocols applied by the internet. In its inception the type and the capacity of data that could be passed through the internet was limited because the mechanism that enable its functioning, referred to as protocols, could not support complex data formats and large data sizes. Software engineers, web designers and application designers have worked so hard over the years that it is currently easy to pass data over the internet in almost all existing formats. The most common web browsers support the sending of multimedia over the internet, furthermore the live streaming of videos and clips is possible with the protocol applied with the latest versions of browsers (Jayne, 1999). It is even possible to chat with friend over the internet and the teleconferencing mechanism that the internet technology has been targeting for so long is now in place. Education is an aspect that requires creativity and integration of various modes of data delivery, the use of plain text, videos, audio streaming, visual aid and real life examples characterises the current American educational system. Volume and integration of various data makes education material quite voluminous, moreover the interaction between the tutor and the student at a personal level is a key characteristic of a good learning session. Therefore, the improvement in the internet protocols that have made it possible to transfer large amounts of data, multimedia and even hold chart sessions is an aspect of the development in the internet technology that has really had a positive impact on the development of e- learning. Security has been a key area of concern with regard to the development of internet and its usage (Tanenbaum, 2001). The well known protocols employed by the internet, the rapid rate of improvement in the internet technology that are hard to keep up with in terms of security protocols and the nature of internet, especially the aspect of an infinite number of potential access point and the lack of a body that is charged with the implementation of policies that govern its usage, are some of the factors that have made the realisation of internet security a designers nightmare (Keeton, 2002). The number of conmen operating in the net is considerable and thus security has always been an issue. The protocols employed by the recent versions of browsers make it possible to integrate security devices or software that increases the level of security. The use of firewalls and implementation of good security mechanisms by most internet providers has in a way developed some sense of security in internet usage. Security in an education system aids the smooth flow of information to the students. Furthermore, the emergence of electronic payment methods that implement watertight security mechanism has made it possible to transfer money from one corner of the globe to the other in a matter of seconds without having to worry so much about it finding its way into someone elses hand (Kwok-Wing, 2001). A secure system is surely a psychological boost to the student and will thus promote learning and transfer of money between the knowledge seeker and provider. The use of computers depends on three major components: Hardware, user and software. Considerable improvements have been noted in all the three areas over the years and are seen as some of the factors that have made it easy for the transfer of data over the internet and the use of such data by the intended end user. The hardware in computers refers to the physical parts that make up the computer system. Some of the hardware in a computer system is the monitor, mouse, keyboard, hard disk and RAM. Initially computers used to cover large spaces and had large power consumption rates (Thelin, 2004). The current generation of computers are built under the consideration of convenience, performance and user friendliness.

Computers and Homeland Security Unite Essay -- Technology Department o

Computers and Homeland Security Unite Homeland security was created by the Bush administration in 2001 as a result of the September 11th events. It is an independent agency in the United States whose mission is to protect the nation from potential terrorist attacks. Together the agency is made up of twenty two agencies and 180,000 employees. Their main focus is â€Å"intelligence and warning; boarder and transportation security; domestic counterterrorism; protecting critical infrastructure; defending against catastrophic threats; and emergency preparedness and response† (Whitehouse 1). The agency could not carry out these important tasks if it were not for the latest in computer technology. â€Å"The Department of Homeland Security is connected to all fifty states† (Whitehouse 1), networking, and the shared information across the US makes it easier to keep everyone informed of the current events which allows them to work together more efficiently. It is their job to inform the American people if they are at risk for terrorism. The agency issues a current and up to date warning level sign for terrorism alerts. In 2003 the United States Homeland Security signed a contract with Microsoft making them the agencies â€Å"supplier of desktop computers and computer software† (gov exec 1). America will spend 90 million dollars to purchase the rights to 140,000 computers for the next five years to ensure that they keep America secure. As a result of the new system from Microsoft the agency was allowed to simplify their network because it is now all intergraded into one system that they did not have in the past. The agency uses computers to organize all the data they have collected by entering it into a computer database. They call the database... ...rrent information in their databases. Today America is continuously up dating and entering information into their databases because they hope to prevent further US destruction. With this new system of security implemented the nation is less likely to suffer another attack like September 11th 2001 because we will have enough time to prepare for potential terrorist attacks in the future with this new system implemented. Works Cited TeleType GPS Homeland Security US Coast Guard Press Release. February 19,2003. TeleType GPS, Http://www.teletype.com/pages/pgs/press/coast_guard_homeland_secuirty.html GovExec. July 15, 2003. National Journal Group INC. http://www.goveexec.com/story_page.cfm?articleeid Homeland Security Home page. July 20, 2005. The White House President George Bush. http://www.whitehouse.gov/infocus/homeland/

Cognitive Development of a 5 Year Old

Cognitive developmentChild: Luke Jackson Present/Observed (Oct. 24th, 2012)Observer: Bernique Pinder| Skill| Yes| Not Yet Able| Comments| Names a range of shapes| X| | Completed | Names a range of colours| X| | Completed | Sorts objects easily into alike groups| X| | Completed. Although some objects were classified with some assistance| Orders objects according to size| X| | Completed | Counts up to 20 objects, touching each one (rational counting)| X| | Completed | Retells events in sequence with detail| | X| Details are sketchy and only supplies information when prompted or questioned| Completes puzzles| X| | Completed with assistance|Listens to told story without props| X| | Answers questions when asked and is able to reason| Understands ordinal concepts of first, second, last etc. | X| | Was read the story of the hungry caterpillar and was able to give sequence of food the caterpillar ate in correct order. | Speech/language development | Skill| Completed| Not Yet Completed| Comme nts| Relays messages correctly| | X| During a game of â€Å"pass the message along’ he was unable to pass the correct message with repetition. | Can listen without interrupting| | X| No.Asks questions constantly| Asks about meaning of new words| X| | Relates to words he already knows| Uses adult like sentences| | | Language errors present| Can recite own name and personal details| X| | | Uses language in play activities| X| | | Recognises familiar symbols, simple words| X| | | Prints own first name| X| | | Rating Scale Rating Key 1= Poor or None. The indicator is seldom or never done by the child ( Not at all). 2=Attempted. 3= Moderately. It is not regular or frequent (sometimes) 4= Good. (most of the time) 5= Excellent.Does all the time or does the task well. Skill| Rating Scale| Can tell his physical address and home telephone number | 1 2 3 4 5| Identify or draw, name and describe many pictures. | 1 2 3 4 5| Identify and name many colours. | 1 2 3 4 5| Draw a person addin g much detail to the body. | 1 2 3 4 5| Count to at least 10-20| 1 2 3 4 5| Understand that events have a cause and effect reaction (e. g. if you drop a glass then it will break). 1 2 3 4 5| Make up rhyming words, mimic sounds or even create his own sounds. | 1 2 3 4 5| Speech is understandable to everyone. | 1 2 3 4 5| Uses simple reasoning| 1 2 3 4 5| Understands a whole object or concept| 1 2 3 4 5| Knows about things used every day in the home (money, food, appliances)| 1 2 3 4 5| Understands the concept of time| 1 2 3 4 5| Read simple books. | 1 2 3 4 5|Make up imaginative stories. | 1 2 3 4 5| Reads some words by sight, including own name. | 1 2 3 4 5| Knows alphabet and many letter sounds. | 1 2 3 4 5| Uses long complex sentences. | 1 2 3 4 5| Can recognize numbers regardless of arrangement in groups| 1 2 3 4 5| Tells stories about own experiences| 1 2 3 4 5| Piaget’s Theory: Concrete Operational Skills Experiment| Results| | Child A| Child B|Conservation of Numbers- I placed a row of small bubble gums in front of the child and asked him (both are male) to make another row the same as the first one. After asking the child to exist the room, I then spreaded out the row of gum and the child if there were still the same numbers of gums as there were before. (without counting them)| They were more gums than before. | There were more gums than before| Conservation of Length- Both children are shown two equal length straws aligned, then they are asked if they were the same length. After leaving the room one is moved to project beyond the other. Agreed that they are the same length firstly then on returning said that the protruding straw was longer stating â€Å"because I stretched it†| Agreed they were the same length at first then when he came back he said that â€Å"they were the same length because I moved it. †| Conservation of Liquid- Got two equal glasses and pour juice into each. Asked each child if It was equal. Then ask them to l eave the room and removed one of the glass and poured juice into a tall skinny glass and asked which had more? | Acknowledge that they were equal at first then suggested that the initial cup had more.When asked why? He was unable to say why just that the tall cup was smaller (implying the narrowness)| Acknowledged that they were equal at first then said that the taller cup had more juice. When asked why he stated that â€Å"the juice in the taller cup is higher than the other so that means it contains more†| Analysis of Data Developmental Checklist Based on observation and data collected from the child I observed, He is capable of completing tasks expected of a five year old. He is capable of understanding two or three simple commands given at once.He can sort objects by size, and by what sort of thing they are, e. g. animals, or by colour or shape. He successfully compared two weights to work out which is heavier. He was able to understand taller, smaller and shorter. He can copy his name. Draw a person with a head, body, legs and arms. Tell the difference between morning and afternoon. Luke is a great conversationalist and loves to talk about the details of all sorts of scientific and nature things. He speaks clearly on the whole, but still not using some sounds correctly, e. g. say ‘th’ for ‘s’ or ‘w’ for ‘r’.He asks ‘Why’, ‘When’, ‘How’ questions and ask what words mean. He is eager to tell long stories which to me are partly true and partly made up. He is interested in questions and argues and gives his own ideas about things. He knows a few nursery rhymes which he can say, repeat or sing. Similarly, to Luke’s physical development his cognitive develop is also maturing at what theorist would say is a normal rate. According to HDEV upon reaching the age of five a child should be rapidly expanding his vocabulary. It is evident that he is beginning to thi nk intuitively but still somewhat selfish.As mentioned before, currently, he is speaking in full sentences that vary in lengths and purposes. He enjoys watching television shows about super heroes and cars and planes and he spends large amounts of time, up to 15 minutes, telling me all about them. Luke’s cognitive development in the area of language has a lot to do with the fact he is inquisitive and seems to enjoy learning. According to Rathus Spencer and the developmental checklist of widely held expectations, a five year old should be able to count and should be drawn to letters and sounds.Luke demonstrates a love of reading and will often ask to go in the reading corner. Additionally, by playing games like Snakes and Ladders where he counted the required spaces indicating an understanding of numbers. After presenting him with a book with the cover ripped, he was excited to find the tape and he started to think of ways to fix the book. He suggested taping it, and was excit ed when that idea was welcomed and put to use. This not only demonstrated intuitive thought but helped Luke feel intelligent and begin to learn that it is perfectly okay and acceptable to ask for help when needed.Luke is developing cognitively a little more everyday and seems to be on his way to accomplishing all the key milestones. His language skills are growing each day and he is learning to try new things on his own with the idea that he can always ask for help. Rating Scale Analysis The rating of the scale The present five point scale extends from (1) where the child observed did not adhere to that aspect of the task or was unable to, to (5) where there is very high skill. Thus the scale assesses both adherence to the task and skill of the child.With the hardest tasks being speaking, listening and recall some sequence but his memory being very good otherwise. He is most skilled at recognition of numbers, and reasoning. Piaget’s Theory: Concrete Operational Skills Analysi s Results: Luke has failed at conservation methods across the board whereas child B has successfully achieved conservation of length but has also failed conservation of numbers and liquids. They cannot think of both dimensions at the same time and so trade off one over the other.They do not possess the ability to understand when the amount of something remains constant across two or more situations despite the appearance of that thing changing across those situations, as with the gum. Although the volume of liquid remains constant across the two containers, each container has a very different visual appearance, with one being tall and thin, while another was short and wide. Both children were unable to appreciate that the total amount of liquid was unchanged despite being poured into differently shaped containers.They were fooled by the appearance of the containers and tended to conclude that wider, shorter containers held less water and the taller, thinner containers held more than the wide. Also my subject was unable to realize that the straws were the same length subject B was able to see that the straw was moved but remained constant which is odd considering Piaget’s theory. Reflection As I reflect upon my experience, it is a valuable process in which all teachers should engage in order to improve their professional practice. Assumptions are made about kids and their abilities both for the teacher as well as the student.However, there is a lack of in-depth research on the learning processes of children. This analysis was very useful to illustrate and understand the process of how students learn as well as their abilities as they are experienced and I was able to note these and this can be used to support my upcoming professional development. Data was collected at three levels: reflection upon personal practice, pupils' learning and â€Å"official† professional development activities. Reading of the research literature was incorporated into th e observation process and this was very useful to my knowledge. At the beginning of the process, it was ifficult for me to engage with the child in a meaningful way; however, once the habit of observation became established, it was easy to interact with my subject. This interaction was life changing and it automatically leads to changes in my opinions and practices. Although it was neither easy nor straightforward, i found it engaging in the process of critical analysis and found it to be a valuable experience because it gave me a powerful sense of control over my professional learning and my professional life. Cognitive Development of Children Observation EDU 220 Bernique Pinder November 1st, 2012

McDonald’s Foods

McDonald's is the largest and best-known global foodservice retailer with more than 26,000 restaurants in 119 countries. Their outstanding brand recognition, experienced management, site development expertise, advanced operational systems and unique global infrastructure position them to capitalize on global opportunities. There are 1. 5 million people works at McDonald's in 119 countries around the world. Are they creating employment? Yes they are. They create employment, but still workers in the fast food industry are paid low wages. McDonald's do not pay overtime rates even when employees work very long hours. Pressure to keep profits high and wage costs low results in understaffing, so staff has to work harder and faster. As a consequence, accidents (particularly burns) are common. Since they are pressured to keep their profits high, McDonald†s tends to receive plenty of money or even profit, plenty enough to be the indicator of economic growth. In small countries, when a McDonald†s franchised store opens the economic growth in those countries tends to increase. McDonald's promote their food as ‘nutritious', but the reality is that it is junk food – high in fat, sugar and salt, and low in fibre and vitamins. A diet of this type is linked with a greater risk of heart disease, cancer, diabetes and other diseases. Their food also contains many chemical additives, some of which may cause ill health, and hyperactivity in children. Many products sold at McDonald's restaurants are high in fat and cholesterol, and low in fiber and certain vitamins. For example, according to Bowes and Church's Food Values of Portions Commonly Used (1989) by J. A. T. Pennington, 55% of the calories in a Big Mac come from fat, along with 83 mg of cholesterol. For a cheeseburger, fat content is 45%, with 41 mg of cholesterol. French fries are 47%, while a hamburger is 39% fat and holds 29 mg of cholesterol. Many other products sold by the restaurant chain are similarly high in fat and cholesterol. For comparison, beans are only 4% fat. Rice is 1-5% fat, depending on the variety. A potato is less than 1% fat. As a result of their high content of fat and cholesterol, McDonald's products contribute to heart disease, certain forms of cancer, and other diseases. The links between high-fat diets and certain diseases are established beyond any reasonable doubt. (Dr. Neal Barnard, US Physicians Cttee. – DIET & DISEASE) Even though McDonalds has some sort of negative impacts to their customer, but McDonalds has done great things to the community. For example the Calgary Ronald McDonald House. They have helped by accommodating more than 11,000 families from all over the world. Ronald McDonald House is a â€Å"home away from home† for out-of-town families with children, who have not reached their eighteenth birthday, who are receiving treatment at a Calgary medical facility. Space permitting, mothers who require medical treatment because of high-risk pregnancies may also use RMH accommodations. As the conclusion, McDonalds may have some negative impact on the community, but on the other hand McDonalds helps the community to become a better community.

The Basic Tourism System Tourism Essay Essay Example

The Basic Tourism System Tourism Essay Essay Example The Basic Tourism System Tourism Essay Essay The Basic Tourism System Tourism Essay Essay Fennell defined touristry as the interconnected system that includes tourers and the associated services that are provided and utilised installations, attractive forces, transit and adjustment to assistance in their motion ( Fennell, 1999 ) . 2. Tourism Defined Tourism, harmonizing to the Oxford lexicon, is the theory and pattern of touring or going for pleasance . Harmonizing to Leiper ( 1979 ) the foundations of touristry are thought to hold Greek beginnings, with the term depicting a circle, reflecting a cardinal constituent of touristry, returning to the point of going ( Leiper, 1979: 391 ) . The Leiper s theoretical account which is besides known as the basic touristry system is shown in the figure 1. Figure 1. The Basic Tourism System Beginning: Leiper ( 1995 ) Leiper.N. ( 2004 ) Tourism Management ( 3rd Edn ) Frenchs Forest: Pearson p.53 A tourer, as defined by the World Tourism Authority is person who moves off from place on a impermanent or short-run footing for at least 24 hours and less than a twelvemonth, it can be internal motions within a state ( domestic touristry ) or traveling to another state ( international touristry ) ( Law, 2002: 2 ) . McIntosh ( 1977 ) described touristry as the scientific discipline, art and concern of pulling and transporting visitants, suiting them and gracefully providing to their demands and wants ( McIntosh and Goeldner, 1977: nine ) . Today, touristry is one of the universe s largest and fastest spread outing industries. In 2010, the overall planetary touristry export exceeded US $ 1 trillion ( World Tourism Organization, 2011 ) . Tourism exports are accountable for 30 % of the universe s commercial exports and as a class ranks 4th in size after fuels, chemicals and automotive merchandises ( World Tourism Organization, 2011 ) . 2.1 Relationship between Tourism and Transportation Transport has a direct connexion with the touristry industry. Progression in transit engineering has helped a batch to organize the modern touristry industry we are germinating today. Since the beginning of clip, people have been going by assorted manners. Tourism and transit are inexorably linked ( McIntosh et al, 1995 ) . Without the component of conveyance there is by definition, no touristry. This means that, although conveyance contributes for merely a portion of the touristry concern, without it there is no touristry concern. However, conveyance is indispensable non merely to touristry, it is besides indispensable to the economic system and so to society ( Lockwood and Medlik, 2003 ) . For that when we think of touristry we think of people who travels for chief intent of visiting, that is, a peculiar topographic point for rubber-necking, sing friends and relations, taking a holiday and holding a good clip ( Goeldner et al, 2009 ) . These visitants will utilize all signifiers of transit available. Furthermore, touristry is the full universe industry of travel, hotels, transit, and all other constituents, including publicity that caters for the demands and wants of travellers ( McIntosh et al, 1995 ) . Therefore, touristry can be seen as a whole scope of persons, concerns, organisations and topographic points which works together in some manner to present a travel experience ( Leiper, 1979 ) . In conformity with the World Travel and Tourism Council ( WTTC ) , tourism is the universe s largest industry exceling cars, steel, electronics, and agribusiness ( McIntosh et al, 1995 ) . Tourism set off of import indirect development effects that improve the quality of life of citizens and heighten a state s overall economic chances. Crouch and Ritchie ( 2000 ) interestingly summarized ( Figure 2 ) the assorted factors that together do the attraction of a tourist finish experience. Furthermore, they emphasized on the importance of the service substructure bed, which includes conveyance services, in the tourer finish experience. The finish s general substructure services in this class in fact represent one of the most of import factors. The touristry phenomenon relies to a great extent on public public-service corporations and infrastructural support. Tourism planning and development would non be possible without roads, airdromes, seaports, electricity, sewerage, and drinkable H2O. The infrastructural dimension is therefore a necessary component for touristry development and the factors below are all basic elements for pulling visitants to a finish. Kaul ( 1985 ) besi des recognizes the importance of substructure, more specifically transport as an indispensable constituent of successful touristry development significance that it encourages the creative activity of new attractive forces and the growing of bing 1s. Figure 2: The tourer finish experience Beginning: Crouch and Ritchie ( 2000 ) Transportation system considered as one of the four chief classs of touristry ( transit, adjustment, nutrient and drink services and other touristry goods and services ) . Dwyer and Forsyth, ( 1993 ) said that conveyance activities are cardinal for touristry because they provide the connexion between bring forthing and finish parts and the ability for tourers to travel around the finish, that is, by doing usage of inland transit services. The conveyance industry is besides recognized as a cardinal factor in finish development. Transportation systems included points such as ships, aeroplanes, coachs, trains, limousines, taxis ( Nariida et al, 2009 ) , auto travelling, ( Rodrigue et al, 2009 ) , cog railwaies, aerial ropewaies, and similar rider transit installations. Any and all of these manners may be relevant for touristry or recreational travel. Recreational installations can include Parkss, bowls, featuring installations, and beaches. Furthermore, touristry sites are attractive fo rces for tourers every bit good as local occupants and may include recreational installations every bit good as cultural attractive forces ( such as historical, musical, or educational installations ) . Each type of recreational or touristry installation can hold particular and specific transit demands ( Petraglia and Weisbrod, 2004 ) . Car going is normally an independent mean of conveyance. The driver is the 1 who decides where, when and how he is traveling to acquire to a finish. It is normally cheaper since roads fees are non straight paid but instead from revenue enhancements. It is the lone transit manner that does non necessitate transportations, in the sense that the whole journey, from door to door can be achieve without even halting ( Rodrigue et al, 2009 ) . Consumers choose autos based chiefly on convenience and comfort ( distant door openers, pilotage systems, sound systems and cup holders ) instead than maximal velocity ( Litman, 2007 ) . Bettering the quality of alter nate manners is of import for pulling discretional travellers and hence cut downing traffic jobs such as congestion, accidents and pollution emanations ( Litman, 2008 ) . Ships as we know H2O travel is a major of touristry and contributes well to the development of travel every bit good as aeroplanes. Airplanes such as ( Cathay Pacific, Emirates, Royal Jordanian ) supplying the seats which an person traveller, concern individual or circuit operator may buy. On the other manus, rail travellers worldwide frequently prefer rail travel, ( McIntosh et al, 1995 ) . The operators of high-speed rail services find dependability and promptness of import factors that contribute to higher market portions ( Jorritsma, 2009 ) . Recently, train operating companies are presenting acceptable ( and contractual ) criterions of service bringing in footings of information, comfort, cleanliness and quality of service on trains and at Stationss ( Lyons et Al, 2011 ) which are really of import elements that tourers will see in their determination procedure. High Speed Rail advantages are many, including acquiring people rapidly and comfortably ( Kinstlinger, 2009 ) . But in Mauritius since we do non hold trains therefore we will non put much more accent on them. Consequently, holding equal cab, limousine services are indispensable in a tourist country. Ideally, taxis should hold removable and washable place screens so the auto ever presents a clean visual aspect to the rider. Besides the cab driver to do the best feeling should demo some courtesy by unhorsing from the driver s place and open the door for the rider. He or she should help his/ her riders refering their baggage or any other material and be gracious all times. Training taxi drivers in foreign linguistic communication would ease communicating and hence make more foreign linguistic communication ability ( McIntosh et al, 1995 ) . Normally, it is available 24 hours a twenty-four hours, seven yearss a hebdomad, supplying a service to those who may hold no other signifier of transit. Therefore, Taxi service is a really of import beginning of demand response transit in many communities ( Ridley, 2006 ) . Furthermore, coachs are the most likely theodolite manner, which intended for circuit usage should hold big Windowss, air conditioning, comfy seats and remainder room installations. Springs or other suspension systems in the managers should be designed so that the joggling of rider is kept to a lower limit or eliminated. Forces assigned to coachs should be selected for suited disposition, courtesy and spirit of cordial reception ( McIntosh et al, 1995 ) . Bus Rapid Transit is considered a more low-cost alternate to inveigh for bettering theodolite service quality and pulling travellers who would otherwise drive on engorged urban corridors ( VTPI, 2007 ) . Bus organisation, coach industry advocates believe that this signifier of transit is peculiarly good suited to certain demands of touristry, particularly one manner trips of 150 stat mis or less. Furthermore, rental autos an of import facet of car travel is the rental auto industry, whose growing has been paralleling or t ranscending the growing in air travel. Cab and Limousine service companies play an progressively of import portion in touristry. Local transit companies perform indispensable services for air hoses in serving departing and geting riders every bit good as supplying similar services for coach, rail, and transporting lines ( McIntosh et al, 1995 ) . When taking a expression at the place occupied by the assorted manners of rider transit one discovery that air travel dominates long -distance and middle-distance touristry. The state s economic system and the touristry industry need a healthy air transit system. The private car dominates for shorter trips and is the most popular agencies of travel for most domestic journeys. The car is besides really of import in regional and international touristry. Affordability, flexibleness, and convenience make car travel the most popular manner of transit all over the universe. Air is the primary rival to the car when it comes to go, particularly for long trips. The advantages of air travel, the measure of service, velocity and comfort must be weighed by travellers against the car s advantages of monetary value and handiness ( McIntosh et al, 1995 ) . But in Mauritius since it is an island, it is chiefly accessible from air and the sea, hence this type of competition does non be. Furthermore, it is of import to see demand and supply when speaking approximately transit as they are together organizing the conveyance market ( Lockwood and Medlik, 2003 ) . Many of the constituents of the tourer trip for illustration, conveyance and adjustment are demands derived from the consumer s desire to bask what a finish has to offer in footings of things to see and make ( Cooper et Al, 2008 ) . So, demand and supply are the chief constituents which made up the transit industry. 2.2 Transport Supply and Demand It is really of import for a state to hold the most efficient conveyance system. Efficiency means to state that the transit system need to fulfill the conveyance demand for cargo and riders by utilizing the best systems and the most appropriate balance between public and private conveyance and between manners of conveyance ( For illustration ; rail or route ) . The aim is to diminish overall conveyance costs for the jointly including direct costs ( runing costs of the turn overing stocks, the costs of substructure and the costs of clip, security and comfort ) and indirect costs ( such as noise, pollution, accidents etc. ) Transport supply can be defined in footings of substructures ( capacity ) , services ( frequence ) and webs ( coverage ) . Capacity is frequently assessed in inactive and dynamic footings the figure of riders, volume ( for liquids or containerized traffic ) , or mass ( for cargo ) that can be transported per unit of clip and infinite is normally used to quantify con veyance supply ( Rodrigue et al, 2009 ) , and these depend on the four basic elements in any transit system: the manner, the terminus, and the vehicle and motor power ( Cooper et Al, 2008 ) . Transport demand is expressed as conveyance demands, even if those demands are satisfied, to the full, partly or non at all. Similar to transport supply, it is expressed in footings of figure of people, volume, or dozenss per unit of clip and infinite ( Rodrigue et al, 2009 ) , other refers it to the sum of mobility and handiness people would devour under assorted conditions ( ITE, 2003 ) . There is a demand for touristry merchandises and demand for alternate non-tourism merchandises ( Lockwood and Medlik, 2003 ) . Tourism demand and non-tourism demand will non merely find whether we travel but besides which travel manner we choose, should we make up ones mind to go, and so which peculiar service and bearer we choose. Principal among these characteristics, other than physical graft, are the undermentioned: velocity, frequence, comfort, safety, handiness, user information, entree and monetary value. For each manner is dictated by the weakest component in the system ( Cooper et Al, 2008 ) . Speed in measuring the value placed, on velocity it is of import to take history non merely of clip saved but besides of reduced journey clip. For most people the ideal is to go without any perceptible continuance of clip, non merely because it would give up more clip for making other things ( including making nil ) but besides because it would take the many unpleasant facets of travel that have to be endured when pass throughing to other topographic points. This mean that we all display a stronger penchant for velocity and for paying a premium monetary value for velocity, than can be explained by the value topographic point on clip saved ( Lockwood and Medlik, 2003 ) . Transport system public presentation is frequently evaluated based on travel velocity and distance ( Litman, 2008A ) , some conveyance system alterations intended to increase travel velocities and salvage travel clip be given to cut down other signifiers of handiness and increase travel clip costs for other users ( Vi ctoria Transport Policy Institute, 2011 ) So, velocity is an of import characteristic to see when taking approximately transit as people are limited in clip and since lost clip can non be recovered tourers will instead prefer to hold a rapid transit system while sing a finish. Frequency is another characteristic of conveyance that is to be considered as a good frequence of conveyance will intend that there is a greater possibility to utilize conveyance. But still if a peculiar path is non profitable there will be an inevitable lessening in the frequence degree. Most public service vehicles notably trains, are so big in relation to expected traffic that economic operation can normally be achieved-except on a few high volume paths merely by cut downing frequences to degrees that are frequently unacceptable in the market place ( Lockwood and Medlik, 2003 ) , and for handiness. Service handiness trends reflect alterations in demand, milage, cab menus and to a lesser extent theodolite menus ( Consulting, 2000 ) . Therefore frequence and service handiness is chiefly based on the demand for transit. Comfort, safety and convenience significantly influence transit determinations. Consumers taking a motor vehicle are as likely to make up ones mind base on place comfort and the easiness of utilizing navigation systems as on more quantitative factors such as velocity, monetary value or fuel efficiency ( Litman, 2011 ) . Tourists will go in a manner of conveyance in regard to the satisfaction the will acquire from it and here when taking about comfort, the tourers will somehow benchmark the merchandise available in their ain states so as to take a manner of conveyance they will prefer to go in. Prideaux ( 2000 ) argued that if the ability of tourers to go to preferable finishs is inhibited by inefficiencies in the conveyance system such as uncompetitive monetary values or drawn-out and uncomfortable journey, the likeliness that they will seek alternate finishs may increase. The quality of information can impact the functional handiness and desirableness of mobility and handiness options. For illustration, automobilists need existent and appropriate information on travel paths, roadway conditions ( such as when congestion, building and accidents delay traffic ) , vehicle services, and the handiness and monetary value of parking. Potential theodolite users need information on theodolite paths, agendas, menus, comfort factors ( such as whether vehicles will hold seats or Stationss will hold washrooms ) , and entree to finishs. There are many ways to supply transit information, including maps, booklets, web sites and telephones systems ( Litman, 2008A ) . Besides Information centres, welcome centres, and information shows are all ways in which visitants can be informed and guided to utilize appropriate travel paths and transit installations ( Petraglia and Weisbrod, 2004 ) . Finally, Price A ; cost are the concluding indispensable elements in conveyance to see. As the most price-sensitive user of fuel, air hoses are once more turn outing to be the first to endure. In the instance of surface conveyance, the effects are masked by the unjust revenue enhancement which so distorts the market that accurate prediction requires beforehand cognition of how politicians are traveling to revenue enhancement every bit good as subsidise the assorted viing signifiers of conveyance ( Lockwood and Medlik, 2003 ) . Monetary value is besides a really of import characteristic to see as tourers will look for competitory monetary values so as to go. Therefore these are the chief characteristics that are considered so as to go, whether it is a tourer or non. These characteristics are considered by anyone who needs to go and these characteristics will find the satisfaction of the client. Customer satisfaction is the purpose of any industry as satisfied clients are more economical to an administration as they non merely generate repetition concern but they besides recommend the service or merchandise to others. 2.3 Service Quality, Customer Perception and Satisfaction A reappraisal of the bing literature indicates a broad discrepancy in the definitions of satisfaction and service quality. The client could judge the quality a service delivered as good but they may non hold had satisfaction from the experience ( Randall and Senior, 1996 ) . Crompton and Mackay ( 1989 ) acknowledged that satisfaction and service quality are non the same thing, saying, Satisfaction is a psychological result emerging from an experience, whereas service quality is concerned with the properties of the service itself. Parasuraman et Al. ( 1988 ) agreed but stated that clients use the same standards to judge both, as they are interrelated. Customer satisfaction can be experienced in diverse state of affairss and interrelated to both goods and services. It is a extremely personal appraisal that is greatly affected by client outlooks. Satisfaction besides is based on the client s experience of both contact with the organisation ( the minute of truth as it is called in co ncern literature ) and personal results ( Mack and Peter, 1989 ) . Hunt ( 1977 ) defines satisfaction as a sort of stepping off from an experience and measuring it. Oliver ( 1997 ) notes that satisfaction is the consumer s fulfillment response, it is a judgement of a merchandise or service characteristic, or merchandise or service itself in its ability to supply a enjoyable degree of ingestion related fulfilment, including degrees of under or over fulfilment. Most of service quality authors have considerable trouble in understanding how clients judge services. One of the original service quality theories is that clients are satisfied when their opinion of the service they have received ( perceptual experience ) peers or exceeds what they expected: Customer Satisfaction Equation Customer Satisfaction ( CS ) = Perceptions ( P ) = Expectation ( E ) Gap analysis theory ( Zeithaml et al. , 1990 ) Oliver s anticipation disconfirmation ( Anderson Fornell, 1994 ; Olivier 1997 ) 2.3.1 Customer Expectation Zeithaml et Al. ( 1990 ) considered that the factors that influence clients preparation of their outlooks are word of oral cavity, personal experience, external communications and past experience. Parasuraman et Al. ( 1988 ) tried to put client outlooks to context by proposing that they are what an administration should offer. So, a client should anticipate the merchandise or service to be in a specific criterion. Degree centigrades: Users athanielDownloadsMGT613_Handouts_ ( Lecture_1_-_45 ) _img_55.jpg Figure 3: Basic Perceived Service Quality Model Based on figure 3, a basic sensed service quality theoretical account, we can state that the clients will make up ones mind whether they is satisfied by fiting their outlook of the service to the perceptual experience derived from the service experienced. In an effort to cognize the client satisfaction, we must cognize what is the perceptual experience of the client . 2.3.2 Customer Percept The concluding portion of the client satisfaction equation is their opinion of the service they have received: their perceptual experiences. Olivier ( cited in Taylor, 1997 ) defined client perceptual experience as a comparing to excellence in service by the client . It is frequently considered that client perceptual experiences of a service are made at the terminal of a service brush. Customer perceptual experiences of a service are a complex series of opinion made during and at the terminal of the experience but are modified by a scope of factors including their temper, importance of the brush. The touristry and leisure industry has to be cognizant of these elements, particularly when planing methods of having feedback from clients. Customer satisfaction hence needs us to believe in a holistic mode by sing assorted factors that can impact it. 2.4 Transportation services in Mauritius. 2.4.1 Air Transportation Mauritius is an island and hence the chief entree to the island is the air. The Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam International Airport, the airdrome of Mauritius, consists of one track which cover a distance of over 3,047 m. The airdrome is situated in plaisance about the South of the island. Air Mauritius is the name of the national air hose of the island. Air Mauritius Limited, making concern asA Air Mauritius, is theA flag carrierA ofA Mauritius. The air hose is headquartered at the Air Mauritius Centre in Port Louis, Mauritius. The company is the 4th largest bearer inA Sub-Saharan Africa, A and has an of import standing in theA European, A African, andA Indian OceanA part markets ; the air hose won the 2011 Indian Ocean Leading Airline Prize , doing it the 7th twelvemonth in a row for it to win the award. Out of a five-star ranking, the bearer s inflight service is awarded 3 stars by Skytrax. As of July 2011, the Air Mauritius path web consists of 26 finishs inA Africa, A Asia, A Europe, andA Oceania.A ShanghaiA became the 26th finish served by the company in early July 2011.A In February 2012, the air hose announced the suspension of some non-profitable paths, get downing withA Milan, A Melbourne, andA Sydney, effectual May 2012. As of April 2012, Air Mauritius hasA codeshare agreementsA with the assorted following companies, which are the existent operators on the paths specified: Air France, on the Port Louis-Paris-Port Louis path and on severalA EuropeanA paths radiating from Paris Emirates, on the Port Louis-DubaA?-Port Louis path Malaysia Airlines, on some paths radiating fromA Kuala Lumpur South African Airways, on the Port Louis-Johannesburg-Port Louis path A The Air Mauritius fleet consists of the undermentioned equipment, with an mean age of 8.8 old ages: Mauritius has good organised its air conveyance so as to make the markets that it has targeted for the touristry industry development. 2.4.2 Maritime Transport The Maritime conveyance in Mauritius is chiefly focused on ladings and selling. Tourism is non truly at interest when speaking about nautical transit but still there are passenger ships which go to Reunion Island, Rodrigues and besides Agalega Island. So these ships take tourers to the island. Cruise ships are another manner where tourers can see the island. The CRO ( Central Statistics Office ) published statistics for the twelvemonth 2011 where it can be noted that entire reachings by sea included 29,900 sail travelers ( around 14,220 tourers, 5,500 sightseers, 330 Mauritanian occupants and 9,850 crews ) aboard 18 sail ships, which visited our port during the first nine months of 2011. Therefore we can reason that there are tourers who travel to Mauritius by sea. 2.4.3 Public Transport The public conveyance in Mauritius consists chiefly of the coachs, the taxis and the auto leases. The most usual manner of conveyance for Mauritanian people is the coach. Bus is a rather easy manner of conveyance in the island. The two chief coach companies in Mauritius are the NTC ( National Transport Corporation ) and the UBS ( United Bus services ) . These two companies deserve about every parts of the island. Here is a list of all coach companies in Mauritius ; NTC National Transport Corporation UBS United Bus Service RHT Rose Hill Transport TBS Triolet Bus Service IO Person Operators MBT Mauritanian Bus Transport Another manner of conveyance and more comfy is the taxis. A taxiA is aA manner of transportA that falls betweenA taxisA andA coachs. TheseA vehicles for hireA are typically smaller than coachs and normally take riders on a fixed or semi-fixed path without timetables, but alternatively going when all seats are filled. They may halt anyplace to pick up or drop off riders. Often found inA developing states, A the vehicles used as portion taxis scope from four-seat autos to minibuses.A They are frequently proprietor operated. Taxis are found in about every corner of the towns, metropoliss and small towns in Mauritius. These taxis are separately owned as there are no cab companies in Mauritius. In malice of those the taxis are good maintained and really comfy. Mauritanian taxis do non utilize a cab metre even if they have it in their taxis, so it is usual here before come ining a cab to make up ones mind of the monetary value earlier. A cab driver knows normally all the interesting topographic points of the island and therefore can assist the tourers to travel to a finish. Car lease can besides be a good manner of conveyance in Mauritius. A auto lease bureau by and large rentsA automobilesA for short periods of clip ( by and large runing from a few hours to a few hebdomads ) for a fee. In Mauritius it has become rather common to lease autos as assorted auto bureaus are offering this service now. Below is a list of auto lease bureaus that are available in Mauritius ; Avis Rent Car Adenosine deaminase ABC Car Rental Budget Rent A Car Hertz Easy Drive Rent A Car Europcar National Car Rental In Mauritius these are the chief in land public conveyance that is available for the citizens and besides for the tourers. There are besides some companies like Mauritour and Summertimes who offer little coachs on rent to tourers who come to Mauritius and these coachs are chiefly for tourers. 2.5 Importance of Public transit and inland transit. Khadaroo and Seetanah ( 2008 ) link the importance of an effectual and accessible transit system to the length of clip any given tourer would remain in one peculiar country in a finish. They go on to reason that if the ability of a tourer to go within a preferable finish is hampered by inefficiencies in the conveyance system, so the tourer, may seek out alternate finishs. In respects to this designation by Khadaroo and Seetanah ( 2008 ) conveyance to and from the airdrome is viewed as possibly the most indispensable component of a tourer metropolis. This linkage plays an of import function presenting visitants from the airdrome to the chief country of adjustment, most normally in the cardinal metropolis. Law ( 2002 ) stated that in the absence of such installations, as with the metropolis of Florence, it can be a hindrance for possible visitants ( Law, 2002: 71 ) . Public conveyance and other inland transit services, like cab or rented autos, provide an of import function in height ening handiness to the assorted touristry attractive forces within a metropolis. Meanwhile, Khadaroo and Seetanah ( 2008 ) noted that unequal public conveyance proviso in an urban environment can ensue in restricting the sum of attractive forces visited, ensuing in negative deductions on the possible touristry gross of a metropolis. This inability to deduce maximal benefits with an inefficient conveyance web was besides emphasised by Kaul ( 1985 ) . Kaul recognised that conveyance plays an of import function in the successful creative activity and development of new tourer attractive forces within a metropolis and besides regarded conveyance as a accelerator for many metropolis transmutations. Within this acknowledgment was the fact that conveyance and handiness were indispensable for profitable tourer attractive forces. Leask et al. , ( 2000 ) besides noted the important connexion between tourer attractive forces and touristry transit, saying that conveyance and touristry have a stopping point relationship due to the demand for entree ( Leask et al. , 2000: 212 ) . In the past handiness to attractive forces has been based chiefly on entree by private manners, nevertheless, by non supplying public conveyance connexions, the figure of visitants that can make an attractive force are accordingly reduced. Gimeno and Vita ( 2006 ) besides recognised that the easier it is made for tourers to go between points of involvement, the visitant additions more ability to take part in activities, which in bend will bring forth enhanced touristry gross for the finish ( Gimeno and Vita, 2006: 14 ) . When speaking about public transit and inland transit, we should besides believe of who a re those tourers who will go in the public transit services available in a finish. Lew and Mckercher ( 2006 ) noted that tourers have entree to four basic manners of conveyance within a finish personal vehicle, commercial vehicles in organized Tourss, public transit and walking. However, conventional public conveyance system tends to stay majorly inaccessible/ non-preferred manner of conveyance to tourers for assorted grounds ( Law, 2002 ) : strangeness with the system and the associated hazard of come ining terra incognita ( unknown district ) should they take the incorrect coach path or acquire off at the incorrect halt ( Lew and Mckercher, 2006: pp. 408 ) , need for dialogue with the staff in local linguistic communication and a system design optimized to provide to mundane demands of the local population ( Lumsdon, 2006 ; Thompson A ; Schofield, 2007 ) Specialised or usage made touristry conveyance potentially offers a higher degree of handiness to tourers within the finish. While a big section of such services is covered under tourer bundles offered by private operators, there remains a unequivocal demand for tourism-specific public conveyance within the finishs. A big section of tourers choose non to choose for tourer bundles due to miss of flexibleness in the pick of both tourist musca volitanss and lodging, higher costs and a decreased adventure factor. As such intra-destination public conveyance can go a critical factor in tourers pick of finish and their ability to entree their nodes of involvement within the finish. These types of tourers will utilize the transit services available in the finish to go by themselves. Therefore in this research I will take at categorising the tourers who prefer going by them and non to take a ready-made bundle for their traveling at the finish. Another of import factor that will be analysed is the perceptual experience of the tourers of the transit services available in the finish and if necessary what could be done to better the transit services.

The New Art Of Managing People

The New Art Of Managing People Introduction Organizational management is a holistic issue that requires absolute focusing so as to ensure that all aspects making-up the organization are running effectively and they meet the organizations strategic objectives.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The New Art Of Managing People specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Organizational management entails the alignment of the organizations mainstream resources such as the financial resources, the human resource aspect among others towards meeting the obligations of the organization to ensure that the organization is a profitable venture and it meets the needs and wants of the targeted customer. However, it should be noted that human resource is the most important resource of an organization. The effective and efficient running of a business should be based on the belief of continued innovations by the organization, the organization’s ability to adapt to the c hanges in its environment and the overall ability of the organization to integrate itself with the drastic changes in technology. This has made the efficient running of a business hard as there are many problems encountered in the management process. Understanding of the Book The need to develop strategies that are required to resolve issues that relate to management of personnel has been necessitated by the modern organizational management dynamism. The New Art of Managing People is a book that aims at coming up with strategies that can be applied by a management to resolve some of the problems that influence effective management in the organization. The book subject matter articulates around the creation of friendly and productive ties that exist between the management and the employees. The authors of this book have stated that effective management of an organization should build trust between all the relevant stakeholders as this would improve the organization’s performan ce. Therefore, they come up with practical techniques and procedures that can be used to resolve the issues in the organization on matters pertaining interaction between the employees and the management.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The book also suggests several process improvement strategies, proper human resource development strategies, transactional analysis of activities in the organization and effective decision making processes. In order that this book remains relevant as the years go by, the authors have attempted to relate these issues to the modern management. In this book, Hunsaker and Alessandra, (2008) establishes that management can forge an effective employee friendly working atmosphere that will ensure employees productivity is upped. The book develops ways that can be applied to develop interpersonal skills that can be helpful in the process of improving the communication between the management and the employees. The book postulates that the adoption of new skills will improve the employer vis-a-vis the employees relationship (Hunsaker Alessandra, 2008). Such an improved relationship has been cited as the backbone of the modern organizations in the sense that such an organization is grounded on effective relationship of trust and mutual respect. This means that the management does not necessarily need to use coercive forces to induce performance as employees are self-motivated. The book stipulates that the managers of an organization and all the other superior officials of the organization are not aware that there exists a problem in the organization with regard to the building and the maintenance of healthy and productive relationships in the organization’s human resource department. The authors have insisted that managers need to be in good relationship with their subordinates meaning that they should be able to understand the predicaments of their workers. However, this has not been the case. The relationship between the managers and their subordinates has been rocky because managers have not been trained on how they should interact with their subordinates effectively. Hunsaker and Alessandra, (2008), have discovered that many organization’s superiors are well trained in business management, but they have not been technically trained on effective methods to interact with their subordinates.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The New Art Of Managing People specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More When compared to their preparedness in dealing with the technical aspect of the organization, the lack of effective training of management of their employees poorly prepares them to deal with people’s problems that may arise in the organization (Hunsaker Alessandra, 2008). Therefore, this book aims at helping managers develop s kills that will enable them to tap the potential of its subordinates in undertaking the activities of the organization which will spell absolute success for the organization, the management and the other organization employees. According to the authors, there are several ways that can guarantee proper treatment of employees. First, the management should respect its employees especially on their abilities to execute their designated responsibilities as hired to perform. Such an approach by the management can help greatly in the process of improving self-autonomy of workers. The authors of The New Art of Managing People have developed strategies that can be applied by people in management positions to evaluate the working conditions at an organization. Hunsaker and Alessandra, (2008), also presented strategies that can be used to improve those working conditions. The authors argue that it is very difficult for the management to change from its old habit of directing the subordinates b y issuing orders that are deemed implementable by the subordinates under the direct supervision of the superiors. Besides this, the book formulates ways that will ensure gradual transition from the old habits of management to new approaches in management issues. It has also been noted that transitions may be prone to mistakes and thus leniency may be required to ensure that employees are not reprimanded for this mistakes. It is further argues that the management should come up with a good transition process that guarantees an effective implementation of the new policy in the relationship between the management and its employees. This process can be achieved using a five-step process that is suggested in the book.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This process ensures that managers employ an interactive approach that will overhaul the interaction process in the organization. It holds that interactive managers have the opportunity of understanding their subordinates and thus, developing the required communication skills that will be applied in the development of mutual relationships in the organization. The book also postulates that an effective approach to management should be one that is promoted by open mindedness exhibited by the management and the organization of employees. These ideas suggest an outcome of friendly and extremely productive working conditions for all the organization stakeholders, thus improving on the organization profitability (Hunsaker Alessandra, 2008). The book holds that it is crucial that the management understands the differences that are exhibited by its employees and thus, take the necessary steps that will maximize the organizations gain from the diversity identified. The identification of the differences in employees behavior should motivate the management to handle this matter in a way that will ensure the differences are harmonized with the organization objectives. Importance of the Book Professor Hunsaker and Dr. Allessandra are seasoned and highly respected management experts and consultants and their combined effort in writing this book has stressed the vitality of an effective and efficient management of any organization. The book has put it in a nut shell that the process of managing the employees of an organization is an ever-changing field. The dynamics of management are constantly evolving; therefore, the management concepts that are proposed and being used at a particular time in an organization are likely to be obsolete in only a few years. The authors of this book have attributed the change in ways of managing organizations to the fundamental realization that human beings are constantly modifying how they accomplish different tasks from the previously used procedures. The business environments and the state policies that govern organizations are changing constantly, forcing the management to conversely adapt to the new demands. These changes have pushed the costs of production, training of employees in the organization and keeping the employees highly motivated up. The authors hold that this will continue escalating over the coming years. Therefore, a need to overcome these unprecedented adversaries in the organization management has to be countered or else the corporate world will be doomed to a disastrous tiding to the management. This book is written with the main agenda of coming up with ways that will overcome the traditional methods that dictated the manager-employee relationship in an organizations practice. The authors have illustrated vividly that an organization that has a friendly and productive employee-management relationship experience substantial benefits that are spread through the organization. The book is very crucia l in offering the organizational management the practical strategies with well laid out guidelines that can be applied by the management to achieve the ultimate goal of developing interpersonal skills that are held by the superiors. The acquisition of these interpersonal skills by the management will help in forging a good employee-employer relationship by identifying the differences that exist in its workforce in regard to appropriate use of knowledge, assessment of the current employee working conditions, improvement of the areas that are deemed to require upgrading, and lastly, in the overall creation of trust between the superiors and their subordinates. The book has identified that the acquisition of person-to-person skills that are held by all the employees of an organization is crucial to the overall central development of good teams. The book has stressed that letting the employees express their individual personalities will aid each one of them to achieve their potential an d consequently, to self-actualize. This reduces the stress and animosity in the organizations workforce that is brought about by strenuous bureaucracy. An overall positive interaction spirit is formulated in all the sectors of the organization. Consequently, this stimulates increment in organization productivity and profitability. The book gives very clear and vivid insights into the world of management to those who want to understand the concept of managing people. The book looks at management from a critical perspective of enhancing productivity through proper leadership skills that are geared towards having a robust working condition and cohesion among workers as a means towards achieving the set goals and objectives. This calls for the creation of a system that is efficient and effective in its dispensation of the identified mandate. Management in form of human resource entails having a workforce that is efficient in its coordination and that is free of stress associated with wo rk may it be long working hours or even the working environment. One of the weaknesses that I found in this book is that it does not cover the issue of stress management. Stress can be defined as lack of the ability to meet the demands that one is required to meet causing a feeling of anxiety and unnecessary pressure. Stress can have internal sources or external sources. Internal sources of stress at workplaces include the levels of bureaucracies and red tapes that are present at a specific work station, the time that workers are required to work and finally from the level of cooperation that is exhibited by the workers. External sources of stress include the conditions at the homes of workers or any other outside stressor. The most profound external factor is the work-family linkage, where social issues of family are imposed upon the workers. It is important to note that family issues will always affect level of competence either directly or indirectly as it affects both emotional and cognitive aspects. Despite the fact that the book was published in 2008, the authors might not have anticipated the impact of changing concepts of business management as the recommendations that the book gives may not be very effective in todays management of human capital. Due to such weaknesses the book may not be very helpful in offering technical insights for advanced levels of management students as there are other books that addresses the issues of management of personnel in more advance methods and offers more modern insights when compared to those offered in this book. This text may be better suited for beginners as opposed to advanced students of management. Another aspect of the book that I felt was a weakness is that the authors did not build on the necessity of creating a positive spirit in a company environment. The author focuses largely on managing the company in a structured way where management of various organizational aspects is given a horizontal approach, me aning that the communication model that is advocated for in the book is more of instructional nature. Such modes of communication bring about the feelings of superiority versus inferiority which may be detrimental in the process of management of human capital in organizations. Although this mode has proved to be efficient in dispensing work instructions, it has been categorized as being an anti-social approach at the workplace. Building a positive spirit in an organization entails letting the employees feel a sense of ownership of the success of the company. This allows them to own the success as being a part of them, which encourages workers to pursue teamwork. This is also crucial in individual empowerment. However, this leads to unnecessary competition as each of the staff would want to get an opportunity to be recognized as the source of a particular success. Another concept that the book has failed to cover adequately is that of seeking to reduce stress that is not related to w ork, but which impacts on the performance of the organization. Managers should, through the human resource desk, be able to have a therapist who should look into the employees psychological state of mind like depression, stress and other habits that may make such employees ineffective in their productivity. It is imperative that although the main areas of focus in workplace stress management are stressors that are work related, external stressors need to be addressed to ensure that the productivity of employees is maintained at its peak to guarantee maximum productivity in the organization. Lastly, although the book gives an insight on how to increase productivity and profitability, it is disappointing to note that some of the suggestions and initiatives given do not meet todays world dynamism of management, although they have a high potential of success. For instance, some books in management advocate that managers should come up with an interactive approach and go on to give the c oncept of a bicycle wheel where the rear wheel is the technical management and the front wheel is said to be the peoples knowledge, it is imperative to mention that the first goal of any institution is to make profit and, therefore, the issue of peoples knowledge is taken as a facade because it doesnt exist in real businesses, reason being that the workers views and opinions are not really taken into consideration. Although the authors advocates for the satisfaction of the employees needs and values as being the long-term measure of increasing their productivity, the satisfaction of employees to their maximum may not be realistic as it may be hard for organizations to meet all the needs of the employees and enable them to get ultimate satisfaction as far as their cognitive and social needs are concerned. Although I do disagree with some of the recommendations and opinions expressed by the authors, I find some of the strategies outlined being authentic and highly valuable. For instan ce, it is important for any organization to have a good working relationship between the management and the employees. This does not only give a sense of ownership of the organization by the employees, but it allows for sincerity and improved levels of competence that does not require the presence of managers to achieve the organizations objective. This means that employees continuously feel that they are appreciated by their employer and thus their commitment to the company remains undivided. When employees own up the organization procedures, they feel that it is their prerogative to deliver to the best of their ability, which translates to improved organizational productivity. In conclusion, it is important to note that Hunsaker and Alessandras work offers wonderful insights as far as management of human capital is concerned. The content of this book can be applied at the workplace in a number of ways. Although it has been noted in this review that this book has some suggestions t hat are not in line with today’s dynamism in management of human capital, the authors have managed to give many new insights that are of great relevance in management of workers. The book is also excellent for management students as it offers the necessary knowledge especially to beginners as they learn what is required of them as managers of human capital. Therefore, the book can be recommended to all management students especially those that are interested in advancing their knowledge on fruitful approaches to management of personnel. Reference Hunsaker, P. Alessandra, T. (2008). The New Art of Managing People. New York: Free Press.

How To Write A 5-Page Essay In One Day

How To Write A 5-Page Essay In One Day Five Page Essay in 24 hours, step by step At some point in your academic life, homework catches up with you, and you find that you have procrastinated doing the work up the very last day. Upon realizing that you can no longer afford to postpone it, you have to get your hands dirty to finish the work in a single day. Writing a 5-page essay within a day is a daunting task. It is possible to put down an interesting and top quality essay in less than 24 hours if you understand how to work it out. This article offers insightful tips on how you can write an essay in less than a day. 1. Plan To adequately prepare fully for the task ahead, plan how you will spend your day. Slot in each activity you need to do for the day besides writing the 5-page essay. i.e. Shower and eat to our satisfaction. Prepare a miniature timetable for the day, but allocate more time to writing the essay. Request for privacy from our siblings, roommates or parents. Slot in short breaks amidst doing your work. Failing to plan only quickens the already looming deadline. 2. Set up your working station A working environment plays a critical role in writing an essay. A noisy, dirty room reduces productivity and performance. It is wise to clean and neatly arrange everything in the room, or better yet, find such a room. If working from your bedroom, request not to be disturbed and remove any distractions that could steal your attention and shift focus from writing the essay. Such distractions include games, electronics like TV, PlayStation, phones, etc. Assemble all materials you need for the essay on the table. Use a comfortable chair and adjust proper lighting. The uncomfortable seat that strains your back and dim lighting that strains your eyes is the last thing that you would need for your job. Ensure the room is very quiet or has slow classical music playing in the background softly. 3. Choose your topic Choose your topic wisely and the one you are most comfortable with, and you have extensive knowledge about it. Articulate each sentence and word to bring out the intended meaning. Choose an appropriate topic and word it in a clear, simple way. If your course instructor chose the topic for you, read and reread the instructions to understand fully what the essay requires from you. 4. Draw an outline The outline is an important piece that can help a student to organize and create a logical view of ideas throughout the essay. The outline shows how each idea, topic or subtopic connect with each other. The author uses the outline to avoid including irrelevant information into the essay. It also guides you through the research to write your essay. The outline also sets the scope the essay is supposed to cover. 5. Research Conduct an in-depth research into your topic. The outline must guide research, and you should make notes while going through the sources. Make a list of the sources and include them in your bibliographic record for your job. The internet can be a rich source of the internet though you must be very careful since no one is on the internet is credible and accurate. Synthesize the information collected through research to prepare a rough draft that can later be tuned to become the final essay. The draft helps to organize the content of the essay to flow coherently and logically. 6. Write the essay The actual writing of the perfect essay must start with a good, interesting introductory paragraph. The introductory paragraph has to contain a well-crafted thesis statement that captures the attention of the reader. Ensure there is a smooth transition to the subsequent paragraphs. A 5-page essay has many body paragraphs, and they all should contain different ideas. Each of the body paragraphs has to start with a hook in the first or second paragraph. Several support sentences should follow the hook. The body paragraphs contain most of the information about the topic, and they should be worded carefully to present the content in a clear, unambiguous and simple way. Ensure you cite properly all sources used in the essay and include a ‘work cited’ page at the end of the essay. The conclusion paragraph should also be included. Rewriting the introduction can form a good conclusion to essay. Reassert the thesis statement in the conclusion paragraph and end with an interesting statement. 7. Editing to perfection After writing it is important to go through your essay to correct your mistakes. Ensure each sentence and paragraph communicates the message you intended them to communicate. Check for grammatical mistakes, punctuation, spellings, mechanical errors, etc. You can also reach out to your friends or family to edit the document to perfection. Parents or older siblings can also help to improve the vocabulary of the essay. Finally, format the document according to the course instructor’s guidelines. Crosscheck the essay requirements against the grading rubric and make necessary adjustments if any. Concisely, though it is a discouraging task to complete a 5-page essay, using the aforementioned tips and guidelines can demystify and ease the effort on how to write a 5-page essay in one day. However, this article doesn’t encourage homework procrastination, but however, it features skills that could save your grade in less than a day.

Employees Performance Appraisal Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Employees Performance Appraisal - Coursework Example Potential appraisal is the evaluation considering the personal qualities of the employee like his communication skills, leadership qualities, and commitment. It is different from performance appraisal in that performance is something that has happened in the past while potential abilities are those that an employee might possibly possess that can be enhanced to improve his performance in the future. The goal here is to make the employees aware of their potential prospects in future and to enable the organization to plan out management succession strategies. Potential appraisal helps the organization to lay out training and recruitment programs so that employees’ job opportunities can be increased. Question 2 The main goal of potential appraisal is to make the employees aware of their career development so that they have a clear vision about their future prospects. When the employees know which personal qualities they posses and which they need improvement in, they actually get a clear outlook on their personal haves and have-nots and this helps them build their capabilities through training sessions and motivation programs. They come to know how much confidence they possess; how good they are in decision making and problem solving; how they handle workplace stress; how independent they are; and, much more. This aids their career development and thus their future becomes bright with regard to their job. An employee can himself ask for an assessment of his potential qualities if he wants to be promoted or transferred. Otherwise, the company conducts this assessment to know if there is a need for training or motivation, and whether a certain employee should be assigned higher level responsibilities or not. This assessment may be conducted through different methods: self-appraisal, superior-appraisal, peer-appraisal, or role playing, are all methods conducting potential appraisal. Hence, potential appraisal is very future oriented and focuses on the career d evelopment of the employee. Question3 It is the manager’s responsibility to make sure that it is in the organization’s policies to include potential appraisal as a part of performance appraisal program. A line manager is assigned to conduct potential appraisals. A mutual understanding between the manager and the appraisee is important which can also build up during meetings between the two. It is the responsibility of the manager to gain information about how to conduct the appraisal process properly because if he does not have enough experience conducting potential appraisals, then he might end up showing negative cascaded attitude toward the process and telling that appraisals are a waste of time. This negative attitude then goes down among the appraisees as well and then the whole bunch of employees or teams of employees start possessing the same attitude. Thus, a manager’s role is very important because he portrays the attitude of the overall workforce. Also , a manager should maintain a written record of all potential appraisals and must make sure that all the capabilities of employees are judged properly without any bias. Since the manager better knows about the employees’ qualities and much more that is not explicit, his responsibilities increase when it comes to the future prospects and career development

Vaclav Havel and Image of Moral Leadership Essay

Vaclav Havel and Image of Moral Leadership - Essay Example Vaclav Havel an Image of Moral Leadership What one person or culture regards as immoral could be moral in a different setting. The subject of morality has received a lot of attention over a long period of time. Theologians and philosophers alike have been at work explain the determinants of morality in man. Vaclav Havel will be the main focus of this essay as we seek to establish the fundamentals of moral leadership. Description Vaclav Havel, may he rest in peace, was born in 1936 in Prague. He came from a prominent entrepreneurial family who owned an entertainment company and numerous housing complexes. Havel was a celebrated playwright in Czechoslovakia, way before the country became the Czech Republic. He became a prominent writer in the 1960s, with a majority of his works focusing on absurd political regime of the time. His articles focused on the rampant violations of human rights in Czechoslovakia. He openly criticized the authoritarian rule of the time which included such acts as censorship and human rights infringeme nt. In addition to being a playwright, Havel was also a nonconformist to the authoritarian rule, which he explicitly defied. He was a man of great courage amidst all the terror, violence and human rights abuses of the 20th century, in his country and beyond. His involvement in politics came in 1989 after the fall of the communist system, when he became the informal leader of government opposition. Havel’s concern for morality in the way Czechoslovakia was governed ultimately led his election as the president Czechoslovakia in 1990. Following the split of Czechoslovakia into Slovakia and the Czech Republic, Havel became the first president-elect of the Czech Republic. By the time Havel left office in 2003, he had made an everlasting mark on true democracy. Throughout his theatre and dissidence life and reign as president, Havel exhibited exemplary moral leadership qualities that earned him international recognition. Analysis Even before joining politics, Havel was a strong adv ocate for fair treatment of the people of Czechoslovakia. During his days as a playwright, he wrote articles and one time wrote a letter addressed to a top government official, to relent on the contravention of human rights. As a dissident he, in collaboration with others such as Jan Patocka founded Charter 77, a human rights movement. Seeing the way the powerful subjugated the ordinary citizens made Havel write one of his greatest works â€Å"the Power of the Powerless†. Here, he was telling the leaders of the time that the people had power to dislodge them from office, without resorting to violence. He claimed that Czechoslovakia had become a country governed by morally bankrupt people out to subjugate the citizens. He urged the citizens to do what is morally right; instead of turning violent against the regime, they should continue with their activities like nothing was wrong. Knowing very well that Czechoslovakians were â€Å"living within a lie†, he did not advise them to use violence against the oppressive regime. Havel saw violence as an unethical resolve that would only rationalize the tyrannical government’s actions. For example, any foreigner in Czechoslovakia was required by law to register with the police on where they were living. The enforcement of this law however, was not easy for the authorities. The law was finally repealed after Czechoslovakians refused to abide by the ridiculous law, and would not register their guests. This was the power of the powerless that Havel

The relationship between cancer disease and nutrition Article

The relationship between cancer disease and nutrition - Article Example The alterations in these markers are a potential risk for cardiovascular diseases and cancer. This study seeks to investigate on the long-term effect of low carbohydrate scores on incidence of cancer in a prospective cohort study. The researchers used a population-based prospective cohort health intervention comprising of residents of the northern Swedish country of Vasterbotten age group 40 to 60 years. The secondary data was obtained from an ongoing intervention programme that determined number of potential health risk factors using a participant administered diet and lifestyle questionnaire. In this study the recruitment was about59% (Nilsson, Lena et. al, 2013). A 24hr hour recall validated food frequency questionnaire was administered and a blood sample for biomarkers analysis in the study participants. Prospective cancer cases were identified through a regional cancer registry. The researchers used a Cox regression analyses on low-carbohydrate high protein score and explored the role of metabolic risk profile, micronutrient levels and adequacy of energy intake on health. There was a positive correlation between protein (primarily animal sources) and fat (both saturated and unsaturated) intake with increasing low carbohydrate high protein (LCHP) scores (Nilsson, Lena et. al, 2013). However, there was no correlation between LCHP scores and cancer incidences except for non-dose dependent respiratory tract cancer in men. The study reported an inversely association between the risk for colorectal cancer and intake of high saturated fat in women. Interestingly this association was positive in men (Nilsson, Lena et. al, 2013). This study provided vital information on safety of increase in protein and reduction in carbohydrates. For determination of carbohydrate limitation effects further studies encircling a variety

IDiscusson board reply645 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

IDiscusson board reply645 - Coursework Example The Bible is full of teachings on rewards that should be fair and just (Deuteronomy 25:4). In most of Jesus’ teachings, one will be rewarded for what they have done. In business, this sets a yardstick for just and consistent compensations. The same principles are applicable to person-focused pay systems. Skills are acknowledged in the Bible the same way they are acknowledged in the business world as basis of competency-based pay. In 2 Chronicles 2:3, Huram-Abi is preferentially sent because he is â€Å"a man of great skill.† NIV (â€Å"BibleGateway.com,† n.d.). In the same way, Ecclesiastes 10:10 states that â€Å"If the ax is dull and its edge unsharpened, more strength is needed, but skill will bring success.† NIV. Those in leadership, according to the Word of God, should lead in all diligence and Colossians 3:23 admonish everyone that â€Å"whatsoever you do, do it heartily, as to the Lord, and not unto men.† (AKJV). As such, everything one does should be to perfection and justly. The Bible is sensitive to equitable pay to everyone (PETER, n.d.), including the top executive by giving an analogy of an ox that ploughs in Deuteronomy 25:4 that says â€Å"Do not muzzle an ox while it is treading out

Firewalls and Intrusion Detection Systems Assignment

Firewalls and Intrusion Detection Systems - Assignment Example What are the similarities and differences of these two systems? Intrusion detection systems are software applications or devices that detects and monitors malicious activities of violations of policies provided. In addition, the application provides reports and information to management stations. The application has different ways and mechanisms that may detect network traffic from different sources. In general, intrusion detection systems focus on detecting network incidences, logging information of users and reporting log in attempts (Ross, 2001). Moreover, companies use the systems to monitor their existing security systems. This is done by detecting issues with security policies and creating documentation on existing network issues. In addition, the system may provide recommendations on how to update existing security policies. The main objectives of IDS are analyzing and monitoring system activities and users, taking part in system audits, analyzing the safety of content used and required, detecting unusual activities and comparing partners to malware patterns. One major weakness of the system is that it must contain human operations which may hinder the effectiveness of automated functionality (Verma, 2008). On the other hand, firewalls are also used to increase the effectiveness of network security approaches. Firewall protects network security systems from access from unauthorized sources. Verma (2008) is of the assumption that firewall protect security prior to their access. The author further points out that the security system relies on its ability to protect access and distortion before threat is launched. To increase the effectiveness of the system, they are regularly updated to be able to identify advanced network threats. Firewall security systems also ensure the safety of the network connection used in a business. With a protected security firewall detects both incoming and outgoing packets.

Childhood Obesity in America Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Childhood Obesity in America - Research Proposal Example The number of cases in past three decades have raised to three times. It is unfortunate that the rate of incidence obesity is reported to be exceptionally high for the minor population i.e. the population belonging to the age group between 2 to 18 years. It is also reported that 25% of Black and Hispanic kids are flabby (Child Obesity In America). The tern emerged for these exceptionally fat children as super-obesity and it has take a toll with a rise of 100% in past 20 years. It is evident that when these kids will grow they are going to be obese adults (Child Obesity In America). Such overweight kids start reporting with the problems of high blood lipids, insulin resistance, elevated blood pressure, and other troubles. The jeopardy of an high blood cholesterol concentration is maximum amongst children with body loads more than 90th percentile (Child Obesity In America). Reports illustrate that around 7 million American children and teenagers are supposed to have elevated cholestero l concentrations. If LDL concentration rises at young age and when these kids grow as adults they are bound to have prominent LDL cholesterol intensities (Child Obesity In America). ... Besides these critical issues the obese child also witness physical health issues and social troubles (Child Obesity In America). Morbidly obese children also suffer from emotional distress and this results in their profuse eating habits. It is observed that obese children relish a lot if they get all the eatable they wish for. They develop a tendency to eat constantly and do not feel satisfied even after eating a large full meal. It is reported that eating behavior of children have considerably altered over the past twenty years or so. Children are achieving a greater percentage of their calories from junk foods and snacks, these food items have high proportion of fat, salt and sugar (Child Obesity In America). The most favorite food items for kids in today's scenario are ice creams, soda pop, hamburgers, cheeseburgers, pizza, French fries made of potatoes that is full of starch, shakes that are sugar syrups, chips, and candy bars. These food items are devoid of fibers and are rich in fats and cholesterol. Children do not like to eat raw fruits and salads. They like to opt for juice with sugar from these juices fibers are being strained out. They do not like salads and vegetables, if they eat fruits and vegetables they eat with toppings of cream and sugar or with ice-cream (Child Obesity In America). Additionally, Children have developed a tendency to eat more and they are not satisfied with the little amount of food they consume. Estimates reveal that the average size of the food items have been enhanced three times i.e. from 50 to 135 calories, apart from food items augmentation in beverage serving has also enhanced from 8 to 20 ounces. With the increase in diet the body is also increasing in girth making the children to develop

Firewalls and Intrusion Detection Systems Assignment

Firewalls and Intrusion Detection Systems - Assignment Example What are the similarities and differences of these two systems? Intrusion detection systems are software applications or devices that detects and monitors malicious activities of violations of policies provided. In addition, the application provides reports and information to management stations. The application has different ways and mechanisms that may detect network traffic from different sources. In general, intrusion detection systems focus on detecting network incidences, logging information of users and reporting log in attempts (Ross, 2001). Moreover, companies use the systems to monitor their existing security systems. This is done by detecting issues with security policies and creating documentation on existing network issues. In addition, the system may provide recommendations on how to update existing security policies. The main objectives of IDS are analyzing and monitoring system activities and users, taking part in system audits, analyzing the safety of content used and required, detecting unusual activities and comparing partners to malware patterns. One major weakness of the system is that it must contain human operations which may hinder the effectiveness of automated functionality (Verma, 2008). On the other hand, firewalls are also used to increase the effectiveness of network security approaches. Firewall protects network security systems from access from unauthorized sources. Verma (2008) is of the assumption that firewall protect security prior to their access. The author further points out that the security system relies on its ability to protect access and distortion before threat is launched. To increase the effectiveness of the system, they are regularly updated to be able to identify advanced network threats. Firewall security systems also ensure the safety of the network connection used in a business. With a protected security firewall detects both incoming and outgoing packets.

Motivation in Educational Institutes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Motivation in Educational Institutes - Essay Example And he who is versed in the science of numbers can tell of the regions of weight and measure, but he cannot conduct you thither. For the vision of one man lends not its wings to another man. And even as each one of you stands alone in God's knowledge, so must each one of you be alone in his knowledge of God and in his understanding of the earth. The profesion of teaching has had far more impact on development of a society than most people realise. After parents, the teacher is the most important person in the toddler's life. This interaction forms the foundation for the future life of the child, as to how he or she will contribute to the betterment of the society when he grows up to be an adult. With such an important role to play in lives of the future citizens of a nation, neither parents nor a country can afford to take chances. If a teacher is motivated, he or she can turn around the very lives of the children who come into their contact. This author has personal experiences with some such teachers, who actually turned life upside down in a short period of few years spent with them in a school. However, in today's context, thin budgets, materialistic lifestyles and big fat payscales available for other jobs have made teaching a last resort for most professions. In these circumstances, the teacher cannot be expected to stay motivated enough towards his students, and a good teacher is always an exception than rule. Under these circumstances, the administration has no choice but to evolve ways and means to increase motivation levels of teachers so that they can perform their jobs upto required levels of competencies without compromising the future of the the very students they are entrusted with. AIM This paper aims at bringing out some novel ways of improving motivation levels of teachers in modern educational institutions. BACKGROUND THEORIES Those who educate children well are more to be honored than parents, for these only gave life, those the art of living well. - Aristotle During past few decades, most governments and local schools have enacted some plans to recruit, reward, and retain the best teachers. Merit pay and career ladders were intended to provide financial incentives, varied work, and advancement opportunities for seasoned teachers. These, along with across-the-board pay raises, work environment premiums for difficult assignments, and grants or sabbaticals for research and study, were expected to improve teacher performance and motivation. Things did not move as expected and motivation levels of teachers continue to concern authorities even now. Additional aspects given due consideration were the historical contexts, factors affecting them internally and externally, and how new opportunities are devised for better motivation of teachers. - www.osba.org/lrelatns/teacherq/motivate.htm According to Johnson (1986), motivation aspects of teachers can be improved by three theories: Expectancy theory. Individuals are more likely to strive in their work if there is an anticipated reward that they value, such as a bonus or a promotion, than if there is none. It is true that monetary compensation is still the most important motivator in the present times. Teachers also belong to the same society as any other professional; have same dreams about lifestyles and the life they want to